Wage Garnishment Basics for UK Workers

If a court or a government agency tells your employer to take money out of your pay, that’s a wage garnishment. It’s not a random deduction – it’s a legal order to collect a debt. Most people only hear about it when they’re already in trouble, but knowing the rules can stop a surprise from hitting your bank account.

Who Can Start a Garnishment?

In the UK, only certain bodies can issue a garnishment. Courts can do it for unpaid fines, council tax arrears, or civil judgments. HM Revenue & Customs can also freeze up to 100% of your earnings for tax debts. Private creditors, like credit card firms, can’t garnish wages directly – they must go through the courts first.

What the Law Allows Your Employer to Take

There’s a limit on how much can be taken. Generally, the maximum is 50% of your net wages if you’re a single earner, or 30% if you have a partner who also earns. The limit drops if you have dependents. Your employer must calculate the amount correctly and give you a notice showing the deduction amount and the reason.

Once the garnishment starts, you’ll see a line item on your payslip. It will say something like “court order – wage deduction.” This transparency is required by law, so you always know why the money is missing.

Don’t assume the deduction will stop on its own. If you miss a payment, the court can increase the amount or extend the period. That’s why it’s smart to act early – talk to the creditor, set up a payment plan, or ask the court for a reduction if you’re struggling.

One practical tip: ask your employer for a detailed breakdown of the garnishment amount. Sometimes the calculation includes benefits or bonuses that shouldn’t be counted. If you spot an error, you can challenge it with the court or your payroll department.

If you’re currently receiving benefits like Universal Credit, a garnishment can affect the amount you get. The Department for Work and Pensions will usually reduce your benefit payment to reflect the wage deduction, but you can appeal if the reduction seems unfair.

Finally, remember you have rights. You can request a review of the garnishment order, especially if your financial situation changes. A legal aid advisor or a citizen’s advice bureau can help you prepare the paperwork and argue for a lower take‑home amount.

Knowing the process, limits, and who can order a garnishment puts you in control. Keep an eye on your payslips, act fast if you see a deduction, and don’t be afraid to ask for help. With the right steps, you can protect your paycheck and stay on top of your finances.